Russia In Depth: The Russian Legal System
1. Some of Russia’s most important laws
stem from several sources, including the Criminal Code, the Criminal
Procedure Code, the Reforming Labor Code, Law on the Justice System, Law on
the Militia and Law on the Status of Judges.
2. Russian legislation regarding criminal conduct has its roots in the 11th
century Russkaya Pravda, Russia’s earliest written code of laws.
3. Some historians consider the Sobornoe Ulozhenie – a codification of
criminal legislation, first codified in 1649 – to be one of the greatest
codification projects in Russian legal history.
Courts & Judges
4. The Justice Ministry of Russia governs Russia’s court system; its
conducts both administrative and financial functions.
5. Judges in Russia are independent and make their decisions according to
the law.
6. To qualify for the position of judge in Russia, an applicant must be a
legal citizen, have a certificate of higher education from an institution
offering a legal education, pass a qualifying exam and have a respectable
reputation. No person under the age of 25 may become a judge. A judge of the
People’s Court must be a minimum of 25 years old; 35 years old to become a
Supreme Court judge. These minimum age requirements are in addition to
minimum experiential requirements.
7. Judges cannot be members of Parliament or a member of a political party,
be involved in for-profit business activities, or hold paid positions in
fields that are not artistic or scientific in nature.
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